Footnotes
Sorted By Author
Jesco d Alquen
"Beyond the Carbon Footprint"
1 PointCarbon, "Carbon Market Analyst North America" 2007:iv.
2. Hoffman, Andrew J. Carbon Strategies – How leading companies are reducing their climate change footprint. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 14
3. Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change, Climate Change 2007 Synthesis report,2007: Topic 4, p. 9
4 Primary and Secondary Certified Emission Reductions (pre UN registration trade as low as $10 versus fully registered Secondary CER above $40 (ECX, as of March 2008)
5. An unbalanced focus on carbon count can lead to unwanted effects e.g. when companies claim a reduction in CO2 emissions which goes back to outages and operational problems.
6. INCR – Investor Progress on Climate Risks & Opportunities, Feb 2008, p.1[7] Lash, Jonathan and Wellington, Fred. "Competitive advantage on a warming planet" Harvard Business Review, March 2007
David Camarow
Here Comes The Sun
Steven Ashley, "Engineering Silicon Solar Cells to Make Photovoltaic Power Affordable," Scientific American, July 2008, http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=engineering-silicon-solar-cells
2 Matt Marshall, "Ausra aims to build biggest solar thermal plant, raises $40M." VentureBeat Sept. 9, 2007, http://venturebeat.com/2007/09/09/ausra-aims-to-be-biggest-solar-thermal-plant-raises-40m/
3 "Factsheets: U.S. Renewable Energy," Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan, http://css.snre.umich.edu/css_doc/CSS03-12.pdf citing Heyes, A, and C. Liston-Heyes. "Liability Capping and Financial Subsidy in North American Nuclear Power." Department of Economics, University of London, England and Dubin, J.A. and G.S. Rothwell (1990) "Subsidy to Nuclear Power Through Price Anderson Liability Limit." Contemporary Policy Issues, Vol. III, July
4 Josef Herbert, "Report: Nuclear waste disposal will cost US $96B," Associated Press Aug. 5, 2008, http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5ikxSLwXCpx4eChE4KVDfqlt3qD3wD92CCFQ80
5 "PV Facts," National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Energy and Renewable Energy, June 2005, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy05osti/37656.pdf
6 This broad-brush figure represents an investment in the range of $1 trillion to $1.4 trillion, about the amount projected just to dispose of nuclear waste. See http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm It also represents about 5 to 8 times the cost of the Apollo program in 2007 dollars. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates generating 75 peak terrawatts from solar by 2065, which would cost about 10 percent of today's world's GDP or 2 percent of the world's GDP by 2065, assuming a 3 percent annual GDP growth. "PV Facts" supra
7 Central Intelligence Agency, "The World Fact Book" https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2034rank.html
8 Ibid
9 Georgina Coolidge, "Freeze lifted on solar applications in West," Reuters, July 2, 2008, http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSN0243434220080702
Maura Dilley & Dermot Hikisch
Water & Business
Levinson, M., 2008. JP Morgan Watching Water, [paper report]. 1, April. Global Equity Research, JP Morgan Chase & Co.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 4), 2008, Technical Paper on Climate Change and Water, 28th Session [electronic copy], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Food and Agriculture Organization, Aquastat. [online]. Available at: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html [Accessed October 10, 2008]
Willard, B., 2002. The Sustainability Advantage. Seven Business Case Benefits of a Triple Bottom Line. Toronto: New Society Publishers.
Doell, P., 2008. Water and Business. University of Frankfurt [phone call interview] (interviewed, October 28, 2008)
Georges Dyer
HFCs in Fire Protection Systems
1 “American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009.”H.R. 2454. 111th Congress, 1st Session. Section 619: pp 963-969.
2 DuPont Fire Extinguishants. “HFCs and Fire Protection: A Sustainable Solution.” June 2009. http://www2.dupont.com/FE/en_US/assets/downloads/pdf/k22320.pdf. Accessed on August 31, 2009.
3 Quinn, Andrew. “U.S. backs proposal to cut HFC greenhouse gases.” Thompson Reuters. September 15, 2009. http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/
idUSTRE58E81X20090915. Accessed on September 16, 2009.
4 Uhl, John. “After 15 Year Delay, Green Refrigerator To Arrive in U.S.—Sort of.” Solve Climate. October 31st, 2008. http://solveclimate.com/blog/20081031/after-15-year-delay-green-refrigerator-arrive-u-s-sort. Accessed on July 15, 2009.
5 Robèrt, Karl-Henrik et al. 2002. “Strategic sustainable development—Selection,
design and synergies of applied tools.” Journal of Cleaner Production 10: pp 197-214.
6 Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D.W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D.C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz and R. Van Dorland, 2007: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: p 212; and Velders, Guus J. M., David W. Fahey, John S. Daniel, Mack McFarland, and Stephen O. Andersen. “The large contribution of projected HFC emissions to future climate forcing.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: p 4.
7 Velders, Guus J. M., David W. Fahey, John S. Daniel, Mack McFarland, and Stephen O. Andersen. “The large contribution of projected HFC emissions to future climate forcing.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: p 1.
8 Verdonik, Daniel P., H.S. Kaprwan, E. Thomas Morehouse, John Owens, Malcolm Stamp, and Robert Wickham. “Chapter 9: Fire Protection.” In: IPCC/TEAP Special Report: Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System. [Bert Metz, Lambert Kuijpers, Susan Solomon, Stephen O. Andersen, Ogunlade Davidson, José Pons, David de Jager, Tahl Kestin, Martin Manning, and Leo Meyer (eds.)]. 2005. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK:p 364.
9 Werner, Kurt T. and John G. Owens. “Emissions Scenarios and Policy Considerations for HFCs in Fire Protection.” 3M Specialty Materials Division. 4th International Symposium on Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases. Utrecht, The Netherlands. July 4-6, 2005: p 2.
10 Werner, Kurt T. and John G. Owens. “Emissions Scenarios and Policy Considerations for HFCs in Fire Protection.” 3M Specialty Materials Division. 4th International Symposium on Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases. Utrecht, The Netherlands. July 4-6, 2005: p 1.
11 United States Department of Energy. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. “Find and Compare Cars: 2010 Hummer H3 4WD.” http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/sbs.htm. Accessed on September 9, 2009.
12 Pynn, Larry. “Prominent B.C. philanthropist faces ozone depletion charge.” Vancouver Sun. September 22, 2008. http://www.vancouversun.com/Prominent+philanthropist+faces+ozone+depletion+charge/813194/story.html. Accessed on August 28, 2009.
13 Verdonik, Daniel P., H.S. Kaprwan, E. Thomas Morehouse, John Owens, Malcolm Stamp, and Robert Wickham. “Chapter 9: Fire Protection.” In: IPCC/TEAP Special Report: Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System. [Bert Metz, Lambert Kuijpers, Susan Solomon, Stephen O. Andersen, Ogunlade Davidson, José Pons, David de Jager, Tahl Kestin, Martin Manning, and Leo Meyer (eds.)]. 2005. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: p 364.
14 Robin, Mark, L. PhD. “The Role of Hydrofluorocarbons in Global Fire Protection.” DuPont Fire Extinguishants. February 2009: p 10. http://www2.dupont.com/FE/en_US/assets/downloads/pdf/k22197.pdf. Accessed on August 31, 2009.
15 Werner, Kurt T. and John G. Owens. “Emissions Scenarios and Policy Considerations for HFCs in Fire Protection.” 3M Specialty Materials Division. 4th International Symposium on Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases. Utrecht, The Netherlands. July 4-6, 2005: p 1.
16 Adapted from Robèrt, Karl-Henrik et al. 2005. Strategic Leadership Towards Sustainability. Karlskrona, Sweden. Blekinge Institute of Technology: p 55.
17 Verdonik, Daniel P., H.S. Kaprwan, E. Thomas Morehouse, John Owens, Malcolm Stamp, and Robert Wickham. “Chapter 9: Fire Protection.” In: IPCC/TEAP Special Report: Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System. [Bert Metz, Lambert Kuijpers, Susan Solomon, Stephen O. Andersen, Ogunlade Davidson, José Pons, David de Jager, Tahl Kestin, Martin Manning, and Leo Meyer (eds.)]. 2005. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK:p 365.
18 Robin, Mark, L. PhD. “The Role of Hydrofluorocarbons in Global Fire Protection.” DuPont Fire Extinguishants. February 2009: pp 4-5. http://www2.dupont.com/FE/en_US/assets/downloads/pdf/k22197.pdf. Accessed on August 31, 2009.
19 Robin, Mark, L. PhD. “The Role of Hydrofluorocarbons in Global Fire Protection.” DuPont Fire Extinguishants. February 2009: pp 5-8. http://www2.dupont.com/FE/en_US/assets/downloads/pdf/k22197.pdf. Accessed on August 31, 2009.
20 Cahill, Thomas, and Donald Mackay. “Assessment of the Atmospheric Fate of Novec 1230.” A report prepared for 3M in support of the registration of Novec 1230 in Canada. June 14, 2002. Ontario, Canada: p 2.
21 3M. “Novec 1230 Fire Protection Fluid Safety Assessment.” 2004.http://multimedia.mmm.com/mws/mediawebserver.dyn?CCCCCClJVORCXf1Cpf1CCcHEfnzbbbbA-. Accessed on September 14, 2009.
Fox, Rese.
"An Inconvenient Value"
1. Mader, Robert P. "Green Building Growth is Inevitable." Contractor, 52 (10) (October 2005): p.7.
2. Burr, Andrew C. "Report: Green Bldg. Holdouts Have Everything to Lose." CoStar Group. August 28, 2008.
http://www.costar.com/News/Article.aspx?id=835C6E9EC9249E7E8AF889CE5C90CDE1&ref=100 (accessed
Sept. 6, 2008).
3. "Sustainable Buildings: Real Costs, Real Value." Buildings, 97 (7) (2003): p. 40–41.
4. Mader, Robert P. "Green Building Growth is Inevitable."Contractor, 52 (10) (October 2005): p.7.
5. "Sustainable Buildings: Real Costs, Real Value." Buildings, 97 (7) (2003): p. 41.
6. Valhouli, Constantine A. "Valuing Green Buildings." Urban Land (June 2008): p. 40–42.
7. Mader, Robert P. "Green Building Growth is Inevitable." Contractor, 52 (10) (October 2005): p.7.
8. U.S. Green Building Council. Introduction to LEED and Green Building. Powerpoint Presentation. https://www.
usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=742 (accessed April 9, 2007).
9. Pitts, Jennifer and Thomas Jackson. "Green Building Valuation Issues and Perspectives." Appraisal Journal, 76 (2) (Spr 2008): p. 7.
10. Kirby, Tom. Basic Appraisal Principles. Classroom presentation, The Appraisal Institute. University of Phoenix, 4888 Loop Central Drive, Houston, TX, 77081. Feb. 5, 2008.
11. Pitts, Jennifer and Thomas Jackson. "Green Building Valuation Issues and Perspectives." Appraisal Journal, 76 (2) (Spr 2008): p. 7.
12. Pitts, Jennifer and Thomas Jackson. "Green Building Valuation Issues and Perspectives." Appraisal Journal,
76 (2) (Spr 2008): p. 7.
13. The Appraisal Institute. Appraisal Institute Education: An Introduction to Valuing Green Buildings. http://
www.appraisalinstitute.org/education/seminar_descrb/Default.aspx?sem_nbr=800&key_type=S (accessed Sept. 1, 2008).
14. CoStar Group. "CoStar Group Promotes Energy Efficient, Sustainable Green Buildings by Adding EPA's
ENERGY STAR® Rating to Commercial Properties in its Database." Press Release, Feb. 12, 2007. http://www.
costar.com/Corporate/Press/Release.aspx?c=2620 (accessed Sept. 1, 2008).
15. Vancouver Valuation Accord. "The Evolving Business Case for Valuation and Sustainability." The Vancouver
Valuation Summit. http://www.vancouveraccord.org/overview.html (accessed Sept. 1, 2008).
16. Gottfried, David. "Green Equals Value." ASHRAE Journal. 46 (9), 2004. Broughton, Jim. "Costs, Savings and Value: The Financial Value of Green Building. (Part Three of a Three-Part Series)." "The Dollars And Sense Of Green Retrofits." Deloitte, Charles Lockwood, July 29, 2008. http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content/us_re_Dollars_Sense_Retrofits_190608_.pdf
(accessed Sept. 1, 2008).
Kofi Gamor / BearingPoint
"Green Data Centers"
1 Waldman, Steve Randy. Carbon Tax & Trade. http://interfluidity.powerblogs.com/posts/1180146496.shtml (accessed May 25, 2007).
2 U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1718
3 Fletcher, Jim. "Tivoli and the Green Data Center." Pulse,2008.
4 Brill, Ken. Uptime Institute. http://uptimeinstitute.org/component/option.com_frontpage/Itemid/
5 Fletcher, Jim. "Tivoli and the Green Data Center." Pulse,2008.
6 SynapSense Wireless Instrumentation Solutions. http://www.synapsense.com/go/index.cfm
7 IBM Green Data Center Solution. IBM Tivoli: Combining Energy Management With Service Management To Optimize Energy Costs. White Paper, IBM, April 2008.
8 Thibodeau, Patrick. "When It Comes To IT Energy Costs, Little Steps Can Save A Lot." Computer World, 2006. http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9004479
9 IBM Green Data Center Solution. IBM Tivoli: Combining Energy Management With Service Management To Optimize Energy Costs. White Paper, IBM, April 2008.
10 Fletcher, Jim. "Tivoli and the Green Data Center." Pulse,2008.
Hespenheide, E. and Layton, M.
"Risk Intelligence"
1. Deloitte refers to one or more of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, a Swiss Verein and its network of member firms,
each of which is a legally separate and independent entity. Please see www.deloitte.com/about for a detailed
description of the legal structure of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu and its member firms.
2. E-mail riskmap@deloitte.com to order a free copy of the Risk Intelligence Map.
3. See the Deloitte publication, "The Risk Intelligent Approach to Offshoring and Outsourcing" at www.deloitte.com/RiskIntelligence
Korol, Wilson.
“Profiting By Efficiency”
1. U.S. Department of Energy Short-Term Energy Outlook. July 2008. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html
2. "US Top 20 Best Selling Vehicles in June: Toyota & Honda Take First Four Positions." Carscoop. July 2008.
http://carscoop.blogspot.com/2008/07/us-top-20-bestselling-vehicles-in-june.html and "The Best Selling Vehicles of 2004." MSNBC. August 2004. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5582238/
3. "Verizon sets out green procurement guidelines." Green Telecom Live. July 2008. http://www.greentelecomlive.com/2008/06/27/verizon-sets-out-green-procurementguidelines/
4. "EuP—Energy-Using Products Directive." IAEI. July/August 2008. http://www.iaei.org/subscriber/magazine/08_d/khokhar.html
5. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Fact Sheet on National Data Center Energy Efficiency Information Program. March 19, 2008.
6. Lintner, W. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Energy Efficient Data Centers. November 2007. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/fupwg_sandiego_lintner.pdf
7 Nortel Energy Calculator. http://www.nortel.com/energycalculator/
8 The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative. http://www.ghgprotocol.org/
9 "Save Energy." Every Action Counts. http://www.everyactioncounts.org.uk/en/fe/page.asp?n1=2&n2=18
The Economic Case for Climate Action
L. Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism Solutions
[1] The details of this are presented in Natural Capitalism Solutions, Climate Protection Manual for Cities, p. 15, www.natcapsolutions.org/climateprotectionmanual.htm
2. www.us-cap.org/climatereport.pdf. The report, issued in January 2007 was, in part, an effort to relieve corporations of having to navigate the disparate regional and state-level carbon-reduction regimes now proliferating in the United States.
3. Gary Pfeiffer, Dupont CFO, 340% increase in share value paralleling 60% reduction in environmental footprint personal communication at speech he gave at a Conference Board conference 2005.
4. Alderton, Margo, "Recent report finds corporations that lead in corporate responsibility also lead in the market," Socially Responsible Investing 07-11 17:57, also at http://www.csrwire.com/companyprofile?id=4489
5. From the article "Sustainable Executives", http://www.natcapsolutions.org/resources.htm#ART
6. Fishman, Charles,"How Many Lightbulbs Does it Take to Change the World? One. And You're Looking At It." Fast Company Magazine, Issue 108 | Sept 2006, Pg 74 http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/108/open_lightbulbs.html
7. Jeffrey Ball, Wall Street Journal, May 7, 2003,
8. Daniel Wallis, "Disasters Losses May Top One Trillion Dollars Per Year by 2040" Reuters, November 15, 2006, http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/5460
9 Douwe Miedema, "Climate Change Means Big Business for Reinsurers," Reuters, 14 Nov 2006,, http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/38964/story.htm
10. General Accounting Office (GAO), Climate Change: Financial Risks to Federal and Private Insurers in Coming Decades Are Potentially Significant, Report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate, March 2007, pp. 1-2, 30. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07285.pdf
11. For a comprehensive list of climate-related shareholder resolutions, see website hosted by the Investor Network on Climate Risk, at http://www.incr.com/index.php?page=ia&nid=186, October 30, 2006
12. See (http://www.incr.com).
13. http://www.ceres.org/news/news_item.php?nid=344
14. Institutional Investor Summit on Climate Risk (2005), Summary, by Investor Network on Climate Risk, website:http://www.incr.com/index.php?page=19, July 31, 2006.
15. Testimony by Dr Russell Read, Chief Investment Officer, CalPERS, http://www.incr.com/NETCOMMUNITY/Document.Doc?id=204.
16 http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.287;jsessionid=oG8-m21d8Po-dHtuiH?cookieSet=1&journalCode=energy,
17. http://www.coolmayors.com/common/news/reports/detail.cfmClassification=report&QID=3488&ClientID=11061&BrowseFlag=1&Keyword=&StartRow=1&TopicID=314
18 http://www.repp.org/articles/static/1/binaries/Final_California_GSEXECSUMMARY2_Long3.pdf
19. Daniel Kammen, "Putting Renewables to Work: How Many Jobs Can the Clean Energy Industry Generate?" http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/04/13_kamm.shtml
20. www.acore.org/pdfs/ACORE_Joint_Outlook_Report.pdf
21. www.apolloalliance.org/jobs/index.cfm
Toby Reid
Plastics vs. Bioplastics
1 SRI Consulting. Chemical Economics Handbook, 2004.
2 Modern Plastics Worldwide, 2008.
3 Wikipedia.org, 2008.
4 Modern Plastics Worldwide, 2007.
5Freedonia Group, 2008.
6 Sole Gear Design Inc. Research, 2008.
References:
"The Greening of an Industry." Modern Plastics Worldwide. Vol. 85, No. 3, March 2008.
"Cleaning Up." The Economist. Vol. 383, No. 8531, June 2-8 2007.
"The End of Cheap Oil." National Geographic. June 2004.
"Building Better Bioplastics." Biomass Magazine. June 2007.
"Improving the Heat Resistance of PLA." Bioplastics Magazine. Vol. 3, 2008.
"Thermoplastic Starch Blend Resins." Plastic Product Manufacturer. May 2008.
"'Cradle to Cradle' Stamp Set for Re-Launch." Eco Textile News. Issue No. 8, October 2007.
"Demand Grows for Compostable Products." BioCycle Magazine. Vol. 48, No. 7, July 2007.
"Carbon Management Moves Up The Corporate Agenda." GLOBE Business & The Environment. 2006.
"Sustainable Wood: Forest Certification, Reduced Emissions and Renewability Bring Strong Advantages." Sustainable Architecture & Building. Issue No. 3, January/February 2007.
"Climate of Change." BC Business Magazine. Vol. 35, No. 5, May 2007.
"Cleaner Clean, Greener Green." Fast Company Magazine. September 2007.
"Global Growth Small Cap Conference Index: Seminar Information and Company Overviews." Canaccord Adams. August 2008.
"Carbon Offsets Then and Now." Kyoto Planet, ISSN 1916-7180,
Rochlin, Steve.
“Terms of Excellence”
1. LOHAS refers to consumers focused on Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability. The projected market size of
the LOHAS market in North America is estimated at over $300 billion/year.
2. For information on GLN, visit http://www.gln-openaccess.org
Taylor Wilkkerson
Following Products Through the Green Supply Chain
[1] Interview with Drew Schramm, Herman Miller
2 Interview with Judy Glazer, HP
3 Interview with Drew Schramm, Herman Miller
4 Moving the Needle, Green Steps Journal, Retrieved on-line December 2007, www.greensteps.org/steptwo/Timberland.htm
5Creating a Green Supply Chain, Dick Conrad, Electronics Supply and Manufacturing, June 2004
6 Interview with Judy Glazer, HP
7 Interview with Betsy Blaisdell, Timberland
8 Interview with Betsy Blaisdell, Timberland
9 Interview with Judy Glazer, HP
10 How to Balance "Green" With Getting the Green, Drew Schramm, Presentation to CSCMP Conference, October 2007
11 Interview with Drew Schramm, Herman Miller
12 Interview with Judy Glazer, HP
13 Interview with Betsy Blaisdell, Timberland
14Interview with Betsy Blaisdell, Timberland
15 Greening the Supply Chain, Robert Bowman, Global Logistics and Supply Chain Strategies, November 2006
16 "Bringing the Environment Down to Earth," Reinhardt, Harvard Business Review, July-August 1999
17Interview with Drew Schramm, Herman Miller
18 Greening Up the Supply Chain, John Davies and Steve Hochman, Supply Chain Management Review, July 2007
19 Interview with Drew Schramm, Herman Miller
20 Interview with Judy Glazer, HP
21 Interview with Betsy Blaisdell, Timberland
22 Interview with Judy Glazer, HP
Sustainability on the Store Shelf
Peter Capozuca, Kathryn Pavlovsky, and Michael Dah
[1] http://www.all-laundry.com/environment.asp
2 Martin Spitzer "Sustainability and CSR: Assessing Regulatory Risk" March 18, 2007.
3 Ibid.
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